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When a thirsty pregnant horse drank from a fresh water lake 47 million years ago , she was unaware that poisonous volcanic gases might conduce to her sudden demise . Now , the fossilized remains of the maria and her lilliputian , unborn foal are revealing new insights into facts of life in ancient horses , including surprising generative similarities with today ’s sawbuck , according to a new study .
Researchers found the ancient horse ( Eurohippus messelensis ) in theMessel Pit fossil sitein Germany , a location renowned for its well - preserve fossils that date stamp back to the Eocene Epoch , between about 57 million and 36 million years ago , according to theUnited Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization .
A 47-million-year-old pregnant mare from Messel, Germany, tells researchers how early horses carried their foals.
The reproductive similarities between ancient and modern - day horses might seem surprising , give the differences in the creature ' size and material body . The ancient female horse was small — about the size of a modern fox terrier — and had four toes on her front feet and three on her rear feet . [ creature of Burden : Amazing Horse pic ]
A team from the Senckenberg Research Institute Frankfurt incur the fogey in 2000 . But in 2009 , Jens Lorenz Franzen , a researcher at the Senckenberg Research Institute , and his colleagues studied the specimen with a micro X - electron beam , and found recherche item cover the fogy ’s surface .
" It ’s excellently preserved , " Franzen narrate Live Science . " It turned out this was an almost complete and articulatedskeleton with a foetus . "
The X - shaft depth psychology show up the broad ligament , a construction that connect the horse ’s uterus to the spine , and help support the developing foal , Franzen said .
The decade - beam also showed trace of the animal ’s crumpled outer uterine rampart , a feature that still survive in modern buck .
It ’s " exceptional " to find a meaning ossified horse in such full term , said Bruce MacFadden , a distinguished professor and conservator of vertebrate paleontology at the University of Florida , who was not involved in the study .
" totally preserved skeleton in the closet of fossil horse are rare , " MacFadden differentiate Live Science . " unremarkably , they ’re fragmented and the off-white are all dissociate . If you find a skeleton in the cupboard with a preserved foal inside , that signal particular preservation , which is normally not found in the fossil platter . "
The mare ’s underframe is one of many fossils that researchers have uncovered in the fossil oil shales at Messel Pit . Since about 1900 , investigator have found dozens of fossils in the quarry , including those ofmating turtle , moths and lounge lizard .
It ’s possible that poisonous volcanic gases killed some of these animals , which drop to the bottom of the lake and becameembedded in its soggy sediment . These bodies then disintegrate as anaerobic bacteria decomposed their tegument , muscles and other soft tissues .
However , this process also help preserve these animals . The bacterium produced atomic number 6 dioxide , which precipitated iron that was present in the lake ’s body of water , Franzen said . The bacteria slowly ossify , creating a thin bacterial residuum that depicted the soft tissue . Now , researchers can see these soft - tissue remains as image on top of the fossilized bone .
" The bacteria helped a lot and in a very wonderful way , " Franzen articulate . When they looked at the maria with the high - resolution cristal - ray , the scientist can see the " tips of fuzz of the outer ears — even the interior , like lineage vessel , become seeable in some cases , " he pronounce .
The foetus was likely close-fitting to terminus when its female parent conk , as it had fully developed milk , or sister , teeth , the researchers order . But the foal ’s position — upside down , rather of right side up — suggests that it and its female parent did not die during labor .
The findings were presented Thursday ( Nov. 6 ) at the 2014 annual meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology in Berlin .
