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A newly discovered " hell ant " fossil may be the oldest ant ever found , scientist say .
This fossilized insect was unearth in what is now northeast Brazil and lived around 113 million years ago , during the Cretaceous period ( 145 million to 66 million yr ago ) , accord to a new study release April 24 in the journalCurrent Biology .
A photograph of the fossilized “hell ant."
" Our team has discovered a fresh fossil ant coinage stand for the earliest indisputable geologic record of ant , " study co - authorAnderson Lepeco , a research worker at the Zoological Museum of the University of São Paulo in Brazil , said in a statement . " What makes this discovery peculiarly interesting is that it belongs to the extinct ' hell ant , ' known for their outlandish predatory adaptations . "
The newly discovered ancient ant mintage , which researchers have namedVulcanidris cratensis , had scythe - like , upward - face jaws , which it may have used to seize and impale its prey . " Despite being part of an ancient descent , this metal money already displayed extremely specialized anatomic features , suggesting unique hunting behaviors , " Lepeco said .
There are more than12,000species of emmet on Earth today , and they can be found in divers surroundings , from rain forest to deserts . They belong to the household Formicidae , which is part of the order Hymenoptera ( which also include bees and WASP ) . emmet are cogitate to have evolved from wasp - like ancestors around140 million age ago .
An illustration of what this ancient ant species might have looked like.
Haidomyrmecinae , also call in " pit ants , " were an extinct subfamily of ancient ants that lived during this period . A fistful of late hell ant species have been discovered in gold fossil in Myanmar , France and Canada , dating back around 100 million class , which until now were the earliest known ant fossils .
These infernal region pismire had a bizarre head and jaw structure unlike anything see in modern ants , with upward - curve jaw instead of inward- or downward - curved jaws like mod ants , which could click shut vertically . Many species also had French horn - similar ejection above their sass , which are thought to have clamped against the jaws to trap prey . One previously find out 99 million - yr - old fossil even captureda hell emmet in the deed of killing prey , stop dead in amber mid - strike .
The newfound species of hell ant was preserved in limestone in the Crato Konservat - Lagerstätte geological formation in Brazil , which was oncelocated in the northof the ancient supercontinent Gondwana . The fossil was then rediscover by researchers among a ingathering housed at the Zoological Museum of the University of São Paulo .
" When I chance this over-the-top specimen , we immediately accredit its significance , not only as a new species but as potentially the classical evidence of emmet in the Crato Formation , " Lepeco say . " This finding highlights the importance of thoroughgoing exam of existing collections — secret or in museum — and brings a spotlight to Brazilian paleontology and the underexplored fogy dirt ball beast of the country . "
At 113 million years old , this ant is the earliest ant specimen ever discovered , and is also the first netherworld ant to be come upon uphold in rock music , Lepeco noted .
Using micro - computed tomography imaging , a proficiency that uses X - rays to see inside an object , the researchers confirmed that the ant metal money was a hell ant , identify the characteristic upwards - face jaw .
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The fact that this ant is the early emmet ever establish and already possessed the same iconic scythe - like jaws as other hell on earth ants , suggests that these trait develop early after ants first appear .
The researchers also fall upon that this newfound species of emmet was likely closely related to other hell emmet found preserved in amber in Myanmar , mean that ant were already wide distributed across the globe sooner than scientists had assumed .
" find such an anatomically specialized emmet from 113 million years ago challenges our assumptions about how chop-chop these insects developed complex adjustment , " Lepeco said . " The intricate morphology suggests that even these earliest ants had already evolved advanced predatory strategies significantly unlike from their modern counterpart . "
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